adood84
18-12-2005, 06:03 PM
This a report I wrote like 1 year ago for an English course in Uni , I have used internet and mags to write this :) , I hope it informative :) , I will tell you what grade I got for it when you tell me what should I get lol :D
here it is :
INTRODUCTION
This report discusses hydrogen in cars. Most cars use fossil fuel; burning fossil fuel releases gases that effect the environment that’s why there is a need to find new types of fuel that won't effect the environment.
The specific purpose of this report is to look at the future of using hydrogen in cars. This report begins by discussing some fuel options and why hydrogen is better. Then, the history of BMW and the hydrogen engine and how it works is described. Finally, the difficulties that are facing hydrogen and the solutions to these problems are shown.
I. ENGINES OF THE FUTURE
Scientists are working hard to find solutions to replace fossil fuel engines with a new type of engine. They have discovered a lot of options but big car makers like BMW have chosen hydrogen.
A. Options
One of the options is the hybrid car which uses two engines (1:2).One uses hydrocarbon fuel; the other engine uses hydrogen (1:2). These cars aren't good because you pay for two engines, not one (3:53). Another option is electric vehicles which aren't very great because they didn't have a great break through in the field of batteries (3:53). Alcohol could be used but it has an uncertain future (3:53). The last option is LPG which has a link with oil production (3:53).
B. Why Hydrogen?
Why did a lot of car makers chose hydrogen? The answer to that is that hydrogen is found a lot and it is available on the planet (3:53). Hydrogen is made from a lot of sources: The sun, biooganisims, winds, and gasoline gas(4:1). When hydrogen is used in engines it's by product is steam (3:53). And a hydrogen engine makes little heat and it has 80% efficiency (1:2). One of the important reasons is that hydrogen is a good fuel source from a performance range and dynamic point of view (3:53).
II. BMW AND HYDROGEN ENGINES
BMW is one of the best car makers in the world, that’s why they are doing a lot of research to develop a hydrogen engine that can truly replace fossil fuel engines.
A. History
BMW first started tests on the engine that uses liquid hydrogen in 1978. the practical tests came one year later. The second generation was built in 1984. the forth generation of cars came on 1996. That was the year that BMW introduced the world's first ever series production of hydrogen cars and that was the 750hL. (3:53)
B. How the Engine Works
The hydrogen engine and the normal engine use the same principle which is: Fuel is mixed with air and combusted by an electric spark. Hydrogen can only get into the engine at low pressure that’s why the German company Hoerbigher Valves had to make new special valves to deal with the gas. A special system mixes the air with the fuel in the intake pipes of each cylinder. This process is called "External carburetion". (3:52)
B-1. Safety
People are afraid to drive cars with gas that can explode. But impact test have been done to the BMW car and Tüv Süddeutschland says "Hydrogen-powered vehicles are at least as safe as conventional petrol driven cars". Each cylinder is watched by an independent electronic system. This system ensures the maximum running and can also react to any problems that occur in the engine. (3:52)
B-2. Specification of the 745h
The fuel cells in hydrogen cars work as a secondary power source for electricity. This makes it three times better than the alternator which is used in the normal cars. These fuel cells make the car more efficient and it save 1L/96.3Km. The 745h has 184 BHP and it can reach a top speed of 220 KPH. It can go 305 Km on hydrogen and 642 Km on petrol. (3:53)
III. THE FUTUER OF HYDROGEN
Hydrogen is a new type of fuel which is why it will face a lot of obstacles until it becomes a reliable fuel.
A. Difficulties
Iceland is the only country which has made serious steps towards hydrogen use, because it has hydro and geothermal ways to separate the gases (1:1). The purpose of using hydrogen instead of fossil fuel is to have a clean energy, and to have a clean production for hydrogen there will be a need to change electricity production from fossil fuel stations to solar or hydro or wind stations (1:1). The price of hydrogen is very important because people can buy fuel for a low price and that makes it hard for hydrogen to compete with that (1:3). Also the distribution will be a problem for example the buyers of ford fuel cell cars will buy the hydrogen in tanks instead of pumping stations (2:1).
B. Solutions
The best friend of hydrogen is the government because new technology can't compete with older ones. And there are good signs such as tax encouragement. Dubai is also changing their economy to a hydrogen based one. They could use there sun position to collect solar energy and make hydrogen from it and they could use their oil distribution technology to distribute hydrogen. (3:53-54)
CONCLUSION
In the future scientists could discover new energy sources. Hydrogen seems to be the best solution yet to have a clean environment.
here it is :
INTRODUCTION
This report discusses hydrogen in cars. Most cars use fossil fuel; burning fossil fuel releases gases that effect the environment that’s why there is a need to find new types of fuel that won't effect the environment.
The specific purpose of this report is to look at the future of using hydrogen in cars. This report begins by discussing some fuel options and why hydrogen is better. Then, the history of BMW and the hydrogen engine and how it works is described. Finally, the difficulties that are facing hydrogen and the solutions to these problems are shown.
I. ENGINES OF THE FUTURE
Scientists are working hard to find solutions to replace fossil fuel engines with a new type of engine. They have discovered a lot of options but big car makers like BMW have chosen hydrogen.
A. Options
One of the options is the hybrid car which uses two engines (1:2).One uses hydrocarbon fuel; the other engine uses hydrogen (1:2). These cars aren't good because you pay for two engines, not one (3:53). Another option is electric vehicles which aren't very great because they didn't have a great break through in the field of batteries (3:53). Alcohol could be used but it has an uncertain future (3:53). The last option is LPG which has a link with oil production (3:53).
B. Why Hydrogen?
Why did a lot of car makers chose hydrogen? The answer to that is that hydrogen is found a lot and it is available on the planet (3:53). Hydrogen is made from a lot of sources: The sun, biooganisims, winds, and gasoline gas(4:1). When hydrogen is used in engines it's by product is steam (3:53). And a hydrogen engine makes little heat and it has 80% efficiency (1:2). One of the important reasons is that hydrogen is a good fuel source from a performance range and dynamic point of view (3:53).
II. BMW AND HYDROGEN ENGINES
BMW is one of the best car makers in the world, that’s why they are doing a lot of research to develop a hydrogen engine that can truly replace fossil fuel engines.
A. History
BMW first started tests on the engine that uses liquid hydrogen in 1978. the practical tests came one year later. The second generation was built in 1984. the forth generation of cars came on 1996. That was the year that BMW introduced the world's first ever series production of hydrogen cars and that was the 750hL. (3:53)
B. How the Engine Works
The hydrogen engine and the normal engine use the same principle which is: Fuel is mixed with air and combusted by an electric spark. Hydrogen can only get into the engine at low pressure that’s why the German company Hoerbigher Valves had to make new special valves to deal with the gas. A special system mixes the air with the fuel in the intake pipes of each cylinder. This process is called "External carburetion". (3:52)
B-1. Safety
People are afraid to drive cars with gas that can explode. But impact test have been done to the BMW car and Tüv Süddeutschland says "Hydrogen-powered vehicles are at least as safe as conventional petrol driven cars". Each cylinder is watched by an independent electronic system. This system ensures the maximum running and can also react to any problems that occur in the engine. (3:52)
B-2. Specification of the 745h
The fuel cells in hydrogen cars work as a secondary power source for electricity. This makes it three times better than the alternator which is used in the normal cars. These fuel cells make the car more efficient and it save 1L/96.3Km. The 745h has 184 BHP and it can reach a top speed of 220 KPH. It can go 305 Km on hydrogen and 642 Km on petrol. (3:53)
III. THE FUTUER OF HYDROGEN
Hydrogen is a new type of fuel which is why it will face a lot of obstacles until it becomes a reliable fuel.
A. Difficulties
Iceland is the only country which has made serious steps towards hydrogen use, because it has hydro and geothermal ways to separate the gases (1:1). The purpose of using hydrogen instead of fossil fuel is to have a clean energy, and to have a clean production for hydrogen there will be a need to change electricity production from fossil fuel stations to solar or hydro or wind stations (1:1). The price of hydrogen is very important because people can buy fuel for a low price and that makes it hard for hydrogen to compete with that (1:3). Also the distribution will be a problem for example the buyers of ford fuel cell cars will buy the hydrogen in tanks instead of pumping stations (2:1).
B. Solutions
The best friend of hydrogen is the government because new technology can't compete with older ones. And there are good signs such as tax encouragement. Dubai is also changing their economy to a hydrogen based one. They could use there sun position to collect solar energy and make hydrogen from it and they could use their oil distribution technology to distribute hydrogen. (3:53-54)
CONCLUSION
In the future scientists could discover new energy sources. Hydrogen seems to be the best solution yet to have a clean environment.